How to mix paint and solvent in the gorrect ratio for a smooth and beautiful paint surface

Paint and solvent mixing ratio is an extremely important step that determines the quality and effectiveness of the painting project. Mixing at the correct ratio not only helps the paint adhere firmly and smoothly but also minimizes issues like dripping, discoloration, or slow drying. However, you need to clearly understand why paint must be mixed with solvent, know how to calculate the proper ratio, and apply the correct mixing method. The article below will help you grasp the basic knowledge and the most common types of solvents today, making your painting work simpler and more effective than ever.

What is thinner for paint?

Paint thinners are liquids used to thin paint, reduce viscosity, make paint easier to apply, create a thin, even and beautiful paint film. In addition, solvents also enhance properties such as waterproofing, dustproofing, anti-moss, and control the drying time of the paint.

Is the ratio of solvent to paint important?

Mixing paint with solvent, also known as paint thinner, refers to liquids used to dilute paint, reduce its viscosity, making it easier to apply, and creating a thin, even, and attractive paint film. Additionally, solvents enhance properties such as waterproofing, dust resistance, mold prevention, and control the drying time of the paint.

The importance of the ratio of solvent to paint

Appropriate viscosity: Solvents help adjust the viscosity of the paint, making the paint easier to apply (by brush, roller or spray gun). Incorrect ratio can make the paint too thick (difficult to apply, uneven surface) or too thin (runny paint, thin coating, not good coverage).

Drying time: The ratio affects the drying speed of the paint. Too much solvent can cause the paint to dry slowly, while too little solvent causes the paint to dry too quickly, making it difficult to apply.

Adhesion and durability: Mixing in the right ratio ensures that the paint film adheres firmly, does not peel off, and retains protective properties such as waterproofing and anti-corrosion.

Economic efficiency: Mixing correctly helps save paint and solvents, avoiding waste or having to rework.

Why should you use pre-mixed solvents instead of single solvents?

Pre-mixed solvents (specialized thinners) are designed specifically for each type of paint, while single solvents (such as gasoline, toluene, acetone) are pure solvents, not optimized for paint. Here are the reasons to choose pre-mixed solvents:

Compatibility with paint:

• Pre-mixed solvents are formulated by the paint manufacturer to be fully compatible with the paint formula, ensuring that the chemical structure of the paint is not damaged.
• Single solvents can cause clumping, separation or loss of paint properties (such as gloss, durability).

Optimize construction performance:

• Pre-mixed solvents are adjusted to balance the evaporation rate, helping the paint dry evenly, the paint film is smooth and does not leave streaks.
• Single solvents often evaporate too quickly (such as acetone) or too slowly (such as kerosene), making construction difficult.

Safe and environmentally friendly:

• Pre-mixed solvents are often controlled for toxicity, in accordance with safety standards.
• Single solvents such as toluene and xylene can be harmful to health (inhalation of toxic fumes) and the environment if not used properly.

Ensure the quality of the paint layer:

• Pre-mixed solvents help maintain properties such as gloss, hardness, and corrosion resistance.
• Single solvents can reduce the quality of the paint film, leading to chalking, cracking, or peeling.

Some common mixing ratios

The mixing ratio depends on the type of paint, the construction method, and the environmental conditions. Here are some common ratios (always refer to the manufacturer’s instructions):

Oil paint (alkyd paint, PU paint):

The characteristics of oil-based paints (Alkyd paint, PU paint) include high viscosity and are used to create durable and glossy coatings on wood, metal, and floor surfaces. Therefore, combining oil-based paint solvents with oil paint facilitates easier application, helps thin the paint, creates a beautiful glossy finish, and also enables faster and more even drying. Depending on the technician’s chosen application method, the ratio of paint to solvent can vary significantly, specifically:

• Applying by brush/roller: 5-10% solvent (for example: 1 liter of paint mixed with 50-100ml of solvent).
• Applying by spray gun: 10-20% solvent (100-200ml of solvent for 1 liter of paint).

Epoxy paint:

Epoxy paint has high viscosity and is commonly used for industrial flooring or surfaces subjected to high impact, requiring durability and resistance to environmental and physical effects. Therefore, adding epoxy paint thinner helps the paint dry faster and enhances the durability of the coating, reduces the paint’s thickness, facilitates easier application, and allows the paint to penetrate the surface more effectively.

• Usually mix 10-15% solvent for spray gun, or not mixed if using brush/roller.
• The specific ratio depends on the paint system (1 component or 2 components) and hardener.

Water-based paint (acrylic paint, latex paint):

• Usually mix 5-10% clean water (50-100ml water for 1 liter of paint) for easy application.
• Some high-end water-based paints do not need to be mixed or only need to be mixed very little.

Waterproof paint:

Usually do not mix or mix a maximum of 5% water/solvent to ensure waterproofing ability. At the same time, depending on the type of waterproof paint and the corresponding solvent, the mixing ratio of waterproof paint and solvent varies significantly. 

Instructions for Mixing Paint with Solvent According to Technical Standards

Step 1: Preparation

• Choose the appropriate solvent

• Use protective equipment

• Carefully read the manufacturer’s instructions to know the exact mixing ratio

Step 2: Execution

• Gradually add solvent to the paint

• Check the paint’s viscosity

Step 3: Storage

• Seal the container tightly after use

• Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight

Step 4: Precautions

• Perform the process in a well-ventilated area

• Wear a mask and protective gear

• Do not smoke or keep the product near flammable materials

Notes when using solvents

• Choose the right type of solvent: Each type of paint (oil paint, epoxy paint, PU paint) requires a corresponding specialized solvent.
• Safe storage and use: Work in a well-ventilated area, wear gloves, masks, and goggles.
• Do not overmix: Only mix enough paint to avoid waste or paint damage due to long-term storage after mixing.
• Always check the manufacturer’s instructions on the packaging.
• Use precise measuring tools (measuring cup, measuring flask) to ensure the ratio.
• Test on a small area before applying the entire product.

Conclusion

Understanding and accurately following the mixing ratio of paint and solvent not only affects the surface quality after application but also directly impacts durability, application efficiency, and cost. Additionally, choosing the right solvent and strictly adhering to safety guidelines during use are essential factors in a professional working environment. Always be careful from the preparation stage to ensure a finished paint layer that meets standards, is durable, beautiful, and safe. Contact K-Chem for consultation on pre-mixed solvents tailored for each specific type of paint.

K-CHEM VIETNAM CO., LTD

• N6B Road, Lot F, Phu Chanh 1 Industrial Park, Phu Chanh Ward, Tan Uyen City, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
• Tel: +84 274 362 0218
• Email: info@k-chem.vn
• Website: https://k-chem.vn